NCSS.2.

NCSS.2.STANDARD / BENCHMARK
TIME, CONTINUITY, AND CHANGE

BENCHMARK / GRADE LEVEL EXPECTATION
SOCIAL STUDIES PROGRAMS SHOULD INCLUDE EXPERIENCES THAT PROVIDE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PAST AND ITS LEGACY.
2.1.GRADE LEVEL EXPECTATION
KNOWLEDGE - Learners will understand:
2.1.1.EXPECTATION
Different interpretations of the history of societies, cultures, and humankind.
2.1.2.EXPECTATION
Concepts such as: era, chronology, causality, change, continuity, conflict, historiography, historical method, primary and secondary sources, cause and effect, and multiple perspectives.
2.1.3.EXPECTATION
That knowledge of the past is influenced by the questions investigated, the sources used, and the perspective of the historian.
2.1.4.EXPECTATION
Different interpretations of key historical periods and patterns of change within and across nations, cultures, and time periods (e.g., the history of democratic principles and institutions, the development of political and economic philosophies; the rise of modern nation-states, and the establishment and breakdown of colonial systems).
2.1.6.EXPECTATION
Different interpretations of the influences of social, geographic, economic, and cultural factors on the history of local areas, states, nations, and the world.
2.1.7.EXPECTATION
The contributions of philosophies, ideologies, individuals, institutions, and key events and turning points in shaping history.
2.1.8.EXPECTATION
The importance of knowledge of the past to an understanding of the present and to informed decision-making about the future.
2.2.GRADE LEVEL EXPECTATION
PROCESSES - Learners will be able to:
2.2.1.EXPECTATION
Formulate research questions to investigate topics in history, identify possible answers, and use historical methods of inquiry and literacy skills to select, organize, analyze, synthesize, and interpret sources, and present findings.
2.2.2.EXPECTATION
Research and analyze past periods, events, and recurring issues, using a variety of primary sources (e.g., documents, letters, artifacts, and testimony), as well as secondary sources; validate and weigh evidence for claims, check the usefulness and degree of reliability of sources, and evaluate different interpretations in order to develop their own interpretation supported by the evidence.
2.2.3.EXPECTATION
Evaluate the impact of the institutions, values, and beliefs of people in the past on important historical decisions and developments, and compare different interpretations of the causes and consequences of these decisions and developments.
2.2.5.EXPECTATION
Compare historiographical interpretations of a period or event by explaining differences among historians in their purpose, perspective, and use of evidence.
2.3.GRADE LEVEL EXPECTATION
PRODUCTS - Learners demonstrate understanding by:
2.3.2.EXPECTATION
Presenting supported interpretations in oral, written, visual, or electronic formats.
2.3.8.EXPECTATION
Evaluating different interpretations of historic developments or transformations that occurred at the same time but in different regions of the world.